Magnetic Communication Technologies with Quantum Atomic Receivers

Traditional wireless communication technologies face challenges such as spectrum resource constraints and severe signal attenuation in complex environments, creating an urgent need for novel communication paradigms. Magnetic communication relies on low-frequency magnetic fields as carriers, offering exceptional penetration that demonstrates unique advantages in underwater, underground and biological scenarios. However, its practical application is limited by the cubic inverse-distance attenuation of magnetic signals. As an ultra-high-sensitivity quantum magnetic sensor, the atomic magnetometer (AM) can detect minute magnetic fields at the femtoTesla (fT) level, fundamentally redefining the performance boundaries of magnetic communication systems. This paper systematically reviews research progress on atomic magnetometers in magnetic communication. It focuses on analyzing the impact of key parameters—such as sensitivity, bandwidth and dynamic range—on communication link performance. The paper also explores their application potential and challenges in typical scenarios including underwater, underground and biomedical communication. Finally, it outlines future development directions.